Integrated fogging system providing atomized solution to an enclosed treatment area and related methods

ABSTRACT

A system for disinfecting an enclosed area having an access door with an atomized disinfectant fluid may include a fogging device including a housing and an atomizing disinfectant generator carried by the housing including an atomizing nozzle in fluid communication with a disinfectant fluid reservoir, and a compressor coupled to the atomizing nozzle. The fogging device may further include a processor, and the system may further include a controller configured to selectively actuate an electronic door lock actuator to lock and unlock the access door. The processor may be configured to communicate with the controller to initiate an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked, and to not dispense atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is unlocked.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the field of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing, and, more particularly, to apparatuses and methods for delivery of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing solutions to an enclosed treatment area.

BACKGROUND

Disinfection and sterilization are particularly important in the field of healthcare to ensure that infectious pathogens are not transmitted to patients via medical devices or the environment in which patients are treated. While medical instruments may be placed in autoclaves or other sterilization chambers for sterilization, sterilization of the atmosphere and surfaces within a patient or operating room can be more difficult and labor intensive to perform properly. Moreover, there is evidence to show that a manual “spray and wipe”, in addition to being labor and time intensive, is not always a suitably effective process for disinfection. More particularly, spray and wipe allows for human error (missing areas where pathogens reside), and may also allow for cross-contamination (spreading of germs).

While spray and wipe processes remain an important component of a disinfection strategy for certain applications, more contemporary methods such as fogging for whole room disinfection may be desirable to help ensure that all surfaces, whether visible or not, are reached for effective pathogen elimination.

SUMMARY

A system is provided for disinfecting an enclosed area with an atomized disinfectant fluid, where the enclosed area has an access door associated therewith and an electronic door lock actuator for the access door. The system may include a fogging device including a housing, and an atomizing disinfectant generator carried by the housing including an atomizing nozzle in fluid communication with a disinfectant fluid reservoir and a compressor coupled to the atomizing nozzle. The fogging device may further include a processor, and the system may further include a controller configured to selectively actuate the electronic door lock actuator to lock and unlock the access door. The processor may be configured to communicate with the controller to initiate an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked, and to not dispense atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is not locked.

In one example embodiment, the automated treatment cycle may include a first treatment cycle during a first time period, and a second treatment cycle longer than the first treatment cycle during a second time period. Furthermore, the controller may be configured to actuate the electronic door lock actuator between periods of occupancy of the enclosed space.

In an example implementation, the system may further include a humidity sensor within the enclosed area, and the processor may accordingly be configured to control the automated treatment cycle based upon the humidity sensor. In addition, the system may also include an infrared (IR) sensor within the enclosed area in some embodiments, and the processor may be configured to initiate the automated treatment cycle while the electronic door lock actuator is actuated and also responsive to the IR sensor. Also by way of example, the system may further include an ultraviolet (UV) light within the enclosed area, and the processor may be further configured to activate the UV light during the automated treatment cycle.

In some embodiments, the housing may be suspended within the enclosed area, and the atomizing nozzle may be carried by a lower portion of the housing. Moreover, the fogging device may further include an anti-siphon vacuum breaker coupled to the atomizing nozzle. In an example embodiment, the system may include a safety override switch within the enclosed area, and the processor may be configured to cause the compressor to cease dispensing atomized disinfecting fluid during the automated treatment cycle responsive to actuation of the safety override switch. Also, an indicator may be positioned outside of the enclosed area that is configured to display a status of the automated treatment cycle, for example. Additionally, the fogging device may further include a wireless communications device coupled to the processor and configured to send wireless maintenance alerts.

A related fogging device, such as the one described briefly above, and method for disinfecting an enclosed area with an atomized disinfectant fluid are also provided. The method may include positioning a fogging device within the enclosed area, and initiating an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked, and without dispensing atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is not locked.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is perspective view of a fogging device in accordance with an example embodiment.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the fogging device of FIG. 1 with a side panel removed and illustrating installation of a fluid reservoir therein.

FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the area B of FIG. 2A illustrating an example funnel assembly for the fluid reservoir in greater detail.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the fogging device of FIG. 1 with the side panel removed and illustrating installation of a compressor therein.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fogging device of FIG. 1 with the side panel removed after installation of the fluid reservoir and compressor.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are top and side views, respectively, of an example nozzle assembly for the fogging device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system for treating an enclosed area with an atomized fluid which may include a plurality of the fogging devices of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 8-11 are screen shots of a mobile wireless communications device which may be used with the system of FIG. 7 illustrating various control screens for operating the fogging devices.

FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system for treating an enclosed area in accordance with another example embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a system for treating an enclosed area in accordance with still another example embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating method aspects associated with the system of FIG. 7.

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram illustrating method aspects associated with the system of FIG. 12.

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating method aspects associated with the system of FIG. 12.

FIG. 17 is a schematic block diagram of a system including an integrated fogging device for treating an enclosed area in accordance with an example embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic block diagram of an example fogging device which may be used with the system of FIG. 17.

FIGS. 19-20 are flow diagrams illustrating method aspects associated with the system of FIG. 17 and fogging device of FIG. 18.

FIG. 21 is a front view of a display device which may be used with the system of FIG. 17 in accordance with an example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which various embodiments are shown. However, other embodiments in many different forms may be used, and the disclosure should not be construed as limited to the particular embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the claim scope to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.

Referring initially to FIGS. 1-7 and 14, the present disclosure relates to a fogging or atomizing system 30 which may be used for the application of a chemical solution to a treatment area for the purposes of disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing the area or items within the area, for example. By way of example, the fogging system may be used for application of a disinfectant chemical to an enclosed area, including one or more rooms in a building, as well as in vehicles such as busses, ships/boats, airplanes, subway or train cars, automobiles, trucks, etc. In the example illustrated in FIG. 7, those components schematically shown on the right of the vertical dashed line are considered to be within the enclosed treatment area.

The fogging system 30 illustratively includes a plurality of fogging devices or foggers 31 which are to be positioned within the enclosed treatment area (FIG. 7) to perform a treatment cycle. Each fogging device 31 illustratively includes a housing 32, and an atomizing fluid generator carried by the housing and including a fluid reservoir 33 carried by the housing, a compressor 34 carried by the housing, and an atomizing nozzle 35 carried by the housing and in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and the compressor. The fogging device 31 further includes a first wireless transceiver 36 carried by the housing, and a first processor 37 carried by the housing and coupled to the compressor and the wireless transceiver.

The fogging device 31 may provide several advantages over conventional devices, in that it is relatively compact, rugged, and portable. In one example implementation, each fogging device 31 may provide an atomized solution of chemical to disinfect enclosed areas up to 10,000 square feet for a one gallon fluid reservoir, although the size of the fogging device 31 and reservoir may be changed for treatment of areas of different sizes. By way of example, the fogging device 31 may be used in medical, mold remediation, commercial and residential applications, as well as other areas. Furthermore, in addition to disinfecting, deodorizing, preserving, or sterilizing applications, the fogging device 31 described herein may also be used for other applications such as the delivery of pesticides (e.g., for termite, mosquito, bedbug, or general pest prevention chemicals). In some embodiments, the fogging device 31 may also be used in a semi-enclosed or open area, in addition to treating enclosed areas.

The housing or case 32 of the fogging device 31 may be a relatively compact and rugged rotomold construction, and in the illustrated example it includes molded banding along the bottom and top of the unit encompassing one or more round air intakes 40 (although air intake or exhaust ports may be located at different locations on the housing). The fogging device 31 also illustratively includes cut-outs for power entry 41, an output(s) 42 (e.g., an electrical AC outlet), and associated circuit breaker 43. A fill cover 48 (FIG. 1) is over an integrated funnel 44 (FIG. 2B), which leads to the chemical solution reservoir 33 (e.g., a one-gallon reservoir, although other sizes may also be used). By way of example, feet 45 (e.g., rubber) may be coupled to the bottom of the housing 32 (four are shown in the example embodiment, although other numbers may be used in different embodiments). Cord wraps (made of injection mold) may be used to stow the power cord in some embodiments, if desired.

The form factor of the fogging device 31 allows for relatively easy transportation, as well as stability during transport. An integrated handle 46 also allows for ease of carrying. In the example embodiment, the total size of the unit is 19¾″ long×14½″ wide by 17¼″ high, although different dimensions and case shapes may be used in different embodiments. Metal reinforcing mounting plates may also be used inside the housing 32 to mounting the various internal components and increase ruggedness and structural integrity.

The atomizing nozzle 35 is carried by a nozzle holder assembly 50, which allows the nozzle to be adjustable to multiple dispensing positions ranging from vertical to horizontal (although a greater range of adjustability than 90° may be used, if desired). That is, the nozzle holder assembly 50 advantageously allows fogging vertically or horizontally as conditions require. More particularly, the nozzle holder assembly illustratively includes two “L” shaped or 90° brackets 51, 52 with a hole through each side or leg of the bracket. The holes in the bracket 51 allow a feed pipe 53 to supply compressed air from the compressor 34 to the atomizing nozzle 35, while the holes in the bracket 52 allow a feed pipe 54 to supply chemical fluid from the fluid reservoir 33 to the atomizing nozzle 35 (FIGS. 5 and 6). In some embodiments, an optional filter may also be connected in-line between the fluid reservoir 33 and the atomizing nozzle 35. The nozzle 35 is pivotally coupled to the brackets 51, 52 to allow the above-noted rotation from horizontal to vertical orientations (or otherwise), as desired. The fluid reservoir 33 may optionally include a vent, such as with barb fitting, for example. In some embodiments a strap may be used to add further stability to the fluid reservoir 33 within the housing 32, although this is not required in all configurations.

In some embodiments, an actuator may be included that is controlled by the first processor 37 to move the nozzle 35 during the treatment cycle for enhanced fog circulation, if desired. Also, in other embodiments, more than one atomizing nozzle 35 may be used, as well as different mounting configurations, along with an appropriately sized compressor to provide increased atomized spray output. One example atomizing nozzle 35 which may be used is part no. 1/4J-SU2A from Spraying Systems Co. of Wheaton, Ill., for example, although other suitable atomizing nozzles may be used in different embodiments. Moreover, different atomizing nozzles may be interchanged for different chemicals, and in some embodiments the processor 37 may accommodate different treatment schedules and/or parameters (e.g., times, pressures, etc.) for different nozzles and treatment chemicals, to allow use of the same fogging device 31 for a variety of different treatment applications. Such treatment schedules and/or parameters may be implemented at the time of manufacture of the fogging device 31, as well as by firmware updates at a later time, as will be discussed further below.

The fogging device 31 may be assembled with the fluid reservoir 33 and compressor 34 being riveted to the interior of the case or housing 32 (although other suitable connectors, such as screws, bolts, etc., may also be used). Recessed rotomolded groves may also be provided in the case for side panel attachment, if desired.

In the illustrated example embodiment, the outlet 42 is a 120V outlet to plug in an air scrubber/filter or dehumidifier to aid in shortening the time required to clear the disinfected area after application of the chemical disinfectant solution, as will be discussed further below. The outlet on/off power may be sequenced by the processing circuitry, i.e., the first processor 37, carried on the included circuit board(s) (not shown), for example. The processing circuitry may be implemented using a combination of hardware (e.g., microprocessors, etc.) and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for causing the processing circuitry to perform the various control operations for the fogging system. One or more case fans 55 may also be provided to aid in housing and compressor cooling, which may also be controlled by the processing circuitry.

By way of example, the first wireless transceiver 36 (which may also be carried on an internal circuit board) may be a Bluetooth, Wi-Fi (WLAN), WiMax, cellular, or other suitable wireless transceiver which may be used to wirelessly interface the first processor 37 with other fogging devices 31, wireless humidity sensors, wireless filters or dehumidifiers, as well as one or more mobile wireless communications devices 60 (e.g., smart phones, tablet computers, laptops, etc.). In the illustrated example, the wireless communications device 60 is a smart phone including a second wireless transceiver 61 and a second processor 62. With reference to the flow diagram 140 of FIG. 14, beginning at Block 141, the second processor 62 may be programmed to identify the plurality of fogging devices 31 within the enclosed area based upon the first and second wireless transceivers, at Block 142. In accordance with one example implementation shown in FIG. 8, the second processor identifies that there are four fogging devices 31 within wireless communication range which have serial nos. 1234, 1235, 1236, and 1237 as indicated on a display 63 of the mobile wireless communications device 62.

In addition to an identifier (e.g., serial no.) of the identified fogging devices 31, various other types of information or events for each fogging device may also be provided to the wireless communications device 60, including a status of each fogging device 31, a time left in the fogging cycle, etc. For example, treatment cycle status information may be provided, such as when the treatment cycle has been initiated, how much treatment time left, and when the treatment cycle is complete. Another event is when the treatment area is safe to enter. For example, the treatment area may be safe to enter after a delay period following treatment. In another example, the treatment area may be safe to enter after an associated air filtering or dehumidification process is complete following treatment, as will be discussed further below. An audible alarm may also be provided to indicate one or more of the following events. Moreover, other information which may be communicated to/from the fogging system may include start/stop commands, a pause or delay command, updated status requests, tank fill level, operating temperature, etc., for example.

In another example shown in FIG. 9, the mobile wireless communications device 60 may allow a user to input certain parameters associated with the treatment job to be performed. In this example, an operator's name (here “Frank”) may be provided, along with a name of the building or job site (“St. Mary's Hospital”), a room number of the job (“345”), the dimensions and/or volume of the room to be treated, a target humidity level (here 95%), as well as fog time (here 30 minutes) and pulse time (here 15 minutes). Moreover, these settings may also be saved in memory as a job and assigned a respective number (here job #35) so that the next time a treatment is performed the job particulars need not be input again.

For the present example where multiple fogging devices 31 are present in the enclosed treatment area, the second processor 62 may determine respective fogging times for the plurality of fogging devices based upon a size of the enclosed area and the number of fogging devices identified within the enclosed area, at Block 143. More particularly, multiple fogging devices 31 may advantageously be used in conjunction for the treatment of larger areas, or to expedite the treatment of a smaller more critical area that needs to be turned around quickly (e.g., an operating room, etc.). Knowing the fluid dispensing rate of the fogging device 31 for a given chemical, the desired saturation level, and the size (e.g., entered volume or volume calculated based upon the entered room dimensions), the second processor 62 may calculate the respective times that the fogging device will need to run continuously to reach the desired saturation level. Generally speaking, the desired saturation level may be selected so that the concentration of the chemical is at a maximum level before condensation begins on surfaces in the enclosed area.

In the present example, each fogging device 31 will only need to run ¼ of the time it otherwise would if it was the only fogging device in the enclosed area (since there are four fogging devices). Generally speaking, each fogging device 31 will be assigned an equal treatment or fogging time, but in some embodiments different devices may be assigned different fogging times. This could be based upon different fluid levels in each of the fogging devices 31, different flow rates of the identified fogging devices, operational hours on each fogging device, etc.

Moreover, respective pulse times may also be assigned to each fogging device 31. During a pulse cycle, the fogging device may cycle on and off to help keep the enclosed area at the desired humidity level without oversaturating the enclosed area. Moreover, this may also help to conserve treatment fluid. When multiple fogging devices 31 are being used, their pulse times may be coordinated to be on (i.e., dispensing fluid) at the same time, or to turn on at different (staggered) times, if desired.

Once the fogging times are determined for the fogging devices 31, the second processor 62 may initiate a treatment cycle during which, on a coordinated schedule, the first processor 37 of each fogging device 31 causes its associated compressor 34 to dispense fluid from the fluid reservoir 33 into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle 35 for the respective fogging time of the fogging device, at Block 144. The fogging devices 31 may then run for the designated fogging times in a continuous mode so that the enclosed area reaches the desired saturation level, at Block 145, after which the optional pulse phase may occur for the appropriate amount of time, at Block 146, which illustratively concludes the method of FIG. 14 (Block 147). In the example implementation shown in FIG. 9, a H₂O₂ fogging solution (i.e., a mixture of H₂O₂ and water) is used for a disinfection treatment in a hospital room, with a desired saturation level of greater than 85%, and more particularly between 90 and 95%, although other types of treatment chemicals and appropriate saturation levels may be used for different applications in different embodiments. An example pulse phase for this use case may be 45 seconds on, 15 seconds off during each minute of the pulse phase, although other cycle times may be used in different embodiments.

Generally speaking, Applicant theorizes without wishing to be bound thereto that during the fog or saturation phase, enough chemical should be added to the enclosed area to bring the area to around 90% relative humidity or more for the above-described H₂O₂/H₂O mixture. More particularly, with such a chemical mixture, when the relative humidity is above 85% then the enclosed area may be considered to be in the “kill zone” where most if not all pathogens will be killed if exposed for a sufficient duration at this concentration. Thus, the amount of time necessary for the fog or saturation cycle may vary depending on the starting relative humidity, and additional time may be required where the starting humidity is relatively low, for example, to reach the kill zone. The purpose of the pulse phase is to keep the enclosed area in the kill zone.

In accordance with another example dwell cycle implementation, the pulse phase may be broken into five minute programmable segments (although other durations may also be used). Each segment may include compressor cycling on/off for a given time (e.g., 100 seconds off, 100 seconds on, 100 seconds off, although other durations may be used and the on/off times may be different). This ratio may change based upon the given fog or saturation time. That is, for a shorter fog time there may be a shorter ON segment, and a longer fog time may have a longer ON segment, for example. The length of the pulse time may advantageously be adjusted (e.g., in a range of 10 to 40 minutes, although longer or shorter times may be used) based upon the particular pathogen(s) that is targeted. By way of example, a relatively short pulse phase of ten minutes may be sufficient for a relatively easy to kill pathogen, while a longer time (e.g., 25 minutes or more) may be used to kill C-Difficile (C. diff).

FIG. 10 shows an example screen shot during a treatment cycle indicating the status of the job being performed for the specific fogger with serial no. 1234. Here again, the building/room information and technician name are displayed, along with other parameters relating to the status of the job. More particularly, a temperature measured by an optional temperature sensor (not shown) of the fogging device 31 is displayed, a current measured humidity level is being displayed (which may be determined by a humidity sensor located in the room, as will be discussed further below, although there may be a humidity or microcondensation sensor on the fogging device as well), as well as indicators of progress in the treatment cycle and time remaining. In should be noted that the screen shot of FIG. 10 may be based upon “real time” data when the first and second wireless transceivers 36, 61 are in range of one another, but the second processor 62 may also provide virtual or estimated information if the wireless transceivers are out of range. That is, the second processor 62 may keep its own estimated times to completion for each fogging device(s) 31, which is updated when in wireless communications range of the fogging device. Thus, if a technician leaves the vicinity of the enclosed area during the treatment cycle, he may still know the approximate status of each fogging device(s) 31 even though it is presently out of range.

In accordance with one example implementation, the plurality of fogging devices 31 may be wirelessly “daisy-chained” or otherwise connected together in a wireless network (e.g., an ad-hoc WiFi network) to coordinate start/stop times for application to larger spaces. For example, an ad-hoc network may be established between a plurality of fogging devices 31 in one or more rooms of a building, etc., such that the wireless communications device 60 acts as a master device to coordinate start/stop times of the other devices between them (which act as slave devices). In this regard, the wireless communications device 60 may be a smart phone, tablet, etc., as noted above, or in other embodiments the wireless communications device may be may be a given fogging device 31 from which the treatment cycle is initiated for all of the remaining devices. In another example embodiment, the wireless communications device 60 (e.g., a smart phone, tablet computer, etc.) may pair with each of the fogging devices 31 individually (e.g., via Bluetooth), and cause them to start sequentially (i.e., one after the next), or to all begin fogging at the same time, for example. Thus, start/stop times for the different fogging devices 31 may be coordinated to occur at the same time, or to be staggered, as desired for a given implementation.

Referring additionally to FIG. 11, in some embodiments the wireless communications device 60 may be further programmed to provide firmware updates (e.g., retrieved via the Internet from the manufacturer) to the first processors 37 of each fogging device 31 via the first and second wireless transceivers 36, 61. In the illustrated example, two fogging devices 31 are identified (here labeled Fogger A and Fogger B), along with an indication of the firmware version that each is running (52.20 and 52.25, respectively). Moreover, a most current version of the firmware currently available (here version 52.25) is also provided, along with a selection button or link to download or push the update to the given fogging device 31. Moreover, this illustrated screen also provides an indication of the version of the app running on the mobile wireless communications device 60 (here version 1.02), along with a link or button that may be selected to update the app version.

The app may be provided by the manufacturer of the fogging devices 31 for users to install on different computing platforms (e.g., Android, iOS, etc.), and allow for future firmware upgrades to the fogging devices including, but not limited to, support for optional hardware (humidity sensors, H₂O₂ sensors, etc.), new treatment cycle profiles for different chemicals, etc. Similarly, the app may provide corresponding control options for such features on the display 63. The app may also display operational hours, maintenance issues, malfunctions, etc., which may occur with the fogging devices as well. Such information may be maintained by the first processor 37 of each fogging device 31 and locally stored, and it may be accessed via respective control panels 49 at each of the fogging devices as well. The control panel 49 may include a digital (e.g., LED) display and one or more input devices (e.g., buttons, knobs, etc.), for example. The app may also cause the first processor 37 to provide updates regarding usage and status of each fogging device 31 to a central location (e.g., manufacturer, service company, etc.) so that maintenance needs and job performance may be monitored, for example.

Turning now to FIGS. 12 and 15, in accordance with another example embodiment, a fogging device(s) 31 may be paired with a humidity sensor 120 for monitoring the humidity level in the enclosed area to control the fogging treatment cycle. In one example embodiment, the humidity sensor 120 may be a microcondensation sensor, for example, although other types of humidity sensors may be used in different implementations (e.g., a H₂O₂ sensor, where are H₂O₂ treatment chemical is being used). In some applications, it may be desirable to place the humidity sensor 120 in the enclosed area apart from the fogging device 31, as illustratively shown in FIG. 12, to help ensure that the humidity reading more accurately reflects that of the overall area. However, in other applications the humidity sensor 120 may be incorporated or integrated in the fogging device 31 itself. In particular, if the nozzle 35 is directed out and away from the fogging device 31 (i.e., rather than straight up in the air), a built in humidity sensor 120 may provide desired readings as well. In such case, the humidity sensor 120 may be directly connected or hard wired to the first processor 37.

Beginning at Block 151 in the flow diagram 150, the fogging device 31 may be identified by the wireless communications device 60 as described above, at Block 152 (although in some embodiments the fogging device may be controlled locally and a separate wireless communications device need not be used to interface with the fogging device). The first processor 37 of the fogging device 31 may communicate with the humidity sensor 120 via the first wireless transceiver 36, although a wired link may also be used in some embodiments. The first processor 37 may thereby determine an initial humidity level for the enclosed area prior to the beginning of the treatment cycle, at Block 153.

Generally speaking, for some chemical solutions, greater efficacy may be achieved if the treatment is started when the humidity within the enclosed area is in a preferred or desired range. By way of example, with respect to a 95% H₂O to 5% H₂O₂ disinfectant solution, Applicant theorizes without wishing to be bound thereto that greater efficacy is achieved if the treatment cycle is initiated when a relative humidity in the enclosed treatment area is between 30% and 50%.

To this end, a dehumidifier 121 may optionally be connected to the output 42 of the fogging device 31, and when the first processor 37 determines that the humidity level in the enclosed area is above 50% from the humidity sensor 120, the first processor may accordingly activate the output 42 to turn on the dehumidifier until the humidity level falls below the desired humidity threshold (here 50%, although other levels may be used in different applications), at Blocks 154-155. Conversely, in extremely dry climates, a humidifier may likewise be connected to the output 42 to perform humidification and raise the starting humidity for the enclosed area to the desired lower threshold for the effective starting humidity range (e.g., 30% in the above example). It should be noted that while the output 42 was described as an AC outlet above, in some embodiments this could be a low power output (e.g., USB port, etc.), or the humidifier, dehumidifier, filter, etc. may be controlled wirelessly, similar to the humidity sensor 120. In such cases, the dehumidifier (and/or humidifier) may be plugged into its own wall outlet, so that it need not receive power from the fogging device 31.

Once the humidity in the room is within the desired starting range (e.g., below 50% in the present example), the treatment cycle may be initiated (Block 156) during which the first processor 37 of the fogging device(s) 31 causes its associated compressor 34 to dispense fluid from the fluid reservoir 33 into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle 35, as discussed above. However, in this implementation, a fogging time for the fogging device(s) 31 need not be set or calculated by the second processor 62, as the first processor 37 may instead communicate with the humidity sensor 120 to determine when the humidity level in the enclosed area has reached the target saturation level from fogging (e.g., 90% in the present example), at Block 157.

If a pulse phase is used for the particular treatment, as discussed above, intermittent cycling of the atomizing spray may be performed until the desired pulse time is completed, at Blocks 158-159. Stated alternatively, it is the determination by the humidity sensor 120 that the target saturation level has been reached that triggers stopping of the saturation or fog phase of the treatment cycle, and the beginning of the pulse phase of the cycle (if used in the given embodiment). Again, the pulse time may be based upon the particular chemical being used, and how long the enclosed area needs to remain at the saturation level for the given application. In the above example, the pulse phase may be used to help keep the relative humidity in approximately the 80-95% range (although different target saturation levels and pulse ranges may be used for different types of chemicals). Controlling the treatment cycle based upon measured humidity, rather than a timed cycle, may be helpful in area where there is a significant amount of drapes, carpet, bedding, etc., which tend to absorb some of the atomized fluid such that a longer saturation phase may be required to get the enclosed area up to the target saturation level as compared to a “bare” room.

In embodiments where the dehumidifier 121 is optionally used, upon completion of the pulse phase the first processor 37 may activate the dehumidifier (Block 160) to help dissipate the chemical in the enclosed area and bring the humidity level back down to a normal level. This may advantageously help make the room safe to enter more quickly than simply waiting for the room to air out. The method of FIG. 15 illustratively concludes at Block 161.

Turning additionally to FIG. 13 and the flow diagram 160 of FIG. 16, another example embodiment is now described in which an optional filter 130 is coupled to the output 42 of the fogging device 31. Beginning at Block 161, The fogging device(s) 31 in the enclosed area may be identified, and the treatment cycle initiated, by the wireless communications device 60 as described above (Blocks 162-163), although it should be noted that a fogging cycle may be initiated directly at the fogging device via the control panel 49 as well without using the wireless communications device in some embodiments. Once the treatment cycle is completed (which may include a saturation phase only, or saturation and pulse phases (as discussed above), at Block 164, the first processor 37 may then operate the filter 130 via the output 42, similar to the way in which the dehumidifier 121 is operated, as described above. The method concludes after the filtration is complete, at Blocks 166-167.

The filter 130 illustratively includes a fan 131 to circulate air through or over a filter medium 132. While various types of filters may be used and coupled to the output 42 of the fogging device 31, for example, for the above-described example of a hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) based treatment solution, a manganese dioxide (MnO₂) filter medium may be particularly helpful to dissipate or neutralize the H₂O₂ in the room. Here again, this will more rapidly bring the concentration of the chemical in the room to a level that is safe, allowing the room to be turned around more quickly for its next use. This may be particularly advantageous in areas such as patient rooms or surgical rooms where there is high throughput or demand. Moreover, this approach may be significantly faster than using a comparable portable size dehumidifier. In one example embodiment, the filter medium 132 may include glass beads or pellets which are coated with MnO₂, although other suitable styles of filters may also be used, and different chemicals or materials may be used for the filter medium 132 depending upon the given chemical solution that is to be used in the treatment cycle.

In accordance with another advantageous aspect, the fogging device 31 may wirelessly interface with an HVAC system in the building (e.g., such as through a wireless thermostat that has WiFi connectivity, etc.). As a result, the fogging device 31 may control when the HVAC system turns on/off during/after a treatment cycle.

It should be noted that, while various features discussed above are presented individually with respect to different diagrams for clarity of illustration, these features may be combined in a same embodiment in different applications. For example, some or all of the humidity sensor 120, dehumidifier 121, and filter 130 (and/or humidifier) may be used in a same embodiment. Moreover, both time-based treatment cycles and humidity-based treatment cycles may be supported simultaneously. That is, if the humidity sensor 120 is not present in the treatment area, then treatment times may be calculated and used for the fogging device(s) 31, but otherwise the humidity sensor may be used to determine when to start and/or stop the fogging cycle. Furthermore, the treatment times for the fogging device(s) 31 may still be determined even when the humidity sensor 120 is present, in the event that the humidity sensor fails, etc., and the fogging cycle may then be concluded based upon the first processor 37 of the second processor 62 keeping the fogging time as a backup, for example.

Turning now to FIGS. 17-18 and the flow diagram 190 of FIG. 19, in accordance with an example implementation, the above-described components of the fogging device 31 (e.g., compressor, tank, nozzle, processor, communications device, etc.) may be embodied in an integrated or fixed-mount form factor for permanent (or semi-permanent) installation in an enclosed area 170, such as a room/facility or vehicle. Such an integrated fogging device 231 is shown in FIG. 17, and it is “integrated” in the sense that its housing 232 is installed within the enclosed area 170. In accordance with one example, the fogging device 231 may be mounted in a patient examination room for use between patients (e.g., for in-person or tele-medicine applications). For example, the fogging device 231 may be suspended within the room such as by mounting it to a wall or ceiling within the patient examination room. The atomizing disinfectant generator 174 components are carried by the housing 232 as discussed above.

A status bar and/or tank level indicators may be visible externally on the housing 232 of the fogging device 231 for easy indication of servicing and system status, as discussed above. Indicators may additionally or instead be located elsewhere, such as on a display screen 210 outside of the enclosed area 170 (see FIG. 21). In the example of a patient examination room, the display 210 may be located near an access door 171 to the enclosed area 170, and it may not only provide service information (here the disinfectant reservoir fluid fill level), but it may also indicate when a treatment cycle is in progress, the status of the treatment cycle (e.g., in continuous/pulse/ventilate stages, etc.), and a time left for completion or time when the room will be open for entry, for example. In still other embodiments, different indicators may be positioned on the exterior of the enclosed area 170, such as for a user and for maintenance personnel which will each display information pertinent to their needs.

In some example embodiments, the atomizing spray nozzle 235 may be located below the fluid tank or reservoir 233 in the fogging device 231, in which case an anti-siphon vacuum breaker 180 or similar device may be used to stop chemical flow when the compressor 234 is off. For example, this may be appropriate for the ceiling-mount installation shown in FIG. 17. However, it should be noted that in some embodiments the tank 233 need not be included within the housing 232, and may instead be remotely located from the fogging device 232. For example, the tank 233 may be located on the outside of a patient examination room and connected to the fogging device 231 and nozzle 235 via piping and optional pump. This may be beneficial in that service technicians may refill the tank 233 without entering the enclosed area 170, and even do so while the room is in use.

Beginning at Block 191, before a disinfection treatment cycle may be initiated by the fogging device 232, the fogging device will determine if the access door 171 to the enclosed area 170 is locked, at Block 192. In this regard, the system 169 illustratively includes a room controller 172, which may selectively actuate an automated electronic door lock actuator 173 to lock and unlock the access door 171 to the room. When the access door 171 is locked (e.g., the door lock actuator 173 has been actuated), an automated disinfection treatment cycle may then be initiated by the processor 237 during which the compressor 234 dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area 170 via the atomizing nozzle 235, at Block 193. However, the processor 237 may be configured to not dispense atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the door 171 is not locked (i.e., the electronic door lock actuator is not actuated). That is, as a safety feature, the processor 237 will wait for a lock indication before beginning a treatment cycle to help insure that a patient or others do not accidentally enter the enclosed area 170 while disinfecting fluid is being dispensed.

In an example embodiment where a H₂O₂ solution is used as the disinfectant, the fogging device 231 may advantageously include a H₂O₂ sensor 181 which may be coupled to the processor 237 for determining when a concentration of H₂O₂ in the enclosed area 170 has returned below a safe level following treatment. The processor 237 may advantageously provide an output (e.g., via a wireless or a wired communications link) to the room controller 172, which may cooperate with the automated electronic door lock actuator 173 to prohibit entry through the access door 171 into the room (i.e., the door remains locked) until the H₂O₂ levels are below a safety threshold. The H₂O₂ sensor may also optionally be used to collect information about H₂O₂ levels during the treatment cycle for monitoring and/or reporting purposes as well. Once the processor 237 determines that the safety threshold has been reached for re-entry, it may communicate this to the room controller 172, which may in turn unlock the door 171 to permit entry of a next patient. Of course, in some embodiments the H₂O₂ sensor may be external to the fogging device 232, e.g., it may communicate via a wired or wireless connection with the processor 237 and/or the room controller 172. The method of FIG. 19 illustratively concludes at Block 194.

Further method aspects are now described with reference to the flow diagram 200 of FIG. 20. Another safety feature may include the incorporation of an infrared (IR) sensor(s) and/or motion sensor 182 in the enclosed area 170. Here again, the IR/motion sensor(s) may be incorporated in the fogging device 231 (as seen in FIG. 18) or may be separate from it. The IR and/or motion sensors 182 may advantageously be used to help ensure that no one is in the enclosed area 170 or room when the treatment cycle is initiated (Block 201). In this regard, the processor 237 will look for a door lock confirmation from the controller 172, in addition to a room empty indication from the IR/motion sensor 181, before initiating a treatment cycle.

It should be noted that a treatment cycle need not be initiated every time the access door 171 is locked. That is, the access door 171 may also be locked while a patient is in the room (either by the patient or automatically by the room controller 172, for example), and as noted above the treatment cycle would not be initiated or continued while the enclosed area 170 is occupied (as determined based upon the IR/motion sensor(s) 182, room controller 172, etc.). Moreover, a treatment need not be performed between every patient. For example, it may be done after every other patient (or higher number of patients), on a time schedule (e.g., once every hour when a patient is not present and the door is locked), etc.

At end of the treatment phase (which may optionally include a pulse phase as described above), an exhaust fan (not shown) may optionally be used to pull air into the room (e.g., through a HEPA air filter), and the room air may be exhausted outside of the building, or into other parts of the building after passing through a filter media, for example. In some embodiments, one or more relative humidity sensors 220 may also be included to help control the treatment cycle instead of or in addition to the H₂O₂ sensor(s), as discussed further above, and/or help determine when room re-entry is appropriate.

In accordance with an example aspect, the optional wireless transmitter 236 may be a cellular communications transceiver (and/or satellite transceiver), although other wireless communications formats (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, etc.). When incorporated in the fogging device 231, this may advantageously allow for communication to a server and/or database for recording when treatments occurred and the various parameters associated with them (e.g., treatment times, humidity and H₂O₂ levels, etc.), service issues (e.g., low chemical levels), etc. In other embodiments, this information may be communicated via the room controller 172, for example. In accordance with one example, a tank or reservoir sensor may send a message if the solution level drops below ¼ (although other levels may also be used). Various sizes of tanks may be used, but for a fixed mount application larger tanks may be utilized (e.g., a 5 gallon tank), which may be replenished during a weekly service or otherwise, for example.

Generally speaking, for the application of a patient examination room, a modified treatment cycle may be used during a first time period (e.g., during business hours) when patients will be in the room, versus a second time period (e.g., after hours) when they will not (Block 202). For example, since it is desirable to turn a room around quickly between patients, a shorter fogging time/treatment cycle may be used for intermediate treatments between patients, at Block 203. For example, the abbreviated or intermittent treatments may include a few minutes (e.g., 2-5 minutes) of continuous fogging followed by a relatively short pulse phase (e.g., 2-5 minutes), to kill “lower level” pathogens such as cold and flu germs. It should be noted that a pulse phase need not be used in all embodiments. Then, a full treatment cycle (which may optionally include a pulse phase) may be performed when the room is not in use for patients, at Block 204, such as during a lunchtime hour or other designated “down time”, or after hours when the facility is closed. The duration of the full treatment cycle may depend on numerous factors such as room size, temperature, humidity, etc., as discussed further above. The full cycle may be configured to kill “higher level” pathogens, such as C. diff, tuberculosis, norovirus, etc.

Further safety features may include an electronic display 210 and/or speaker (not shown) to provide a message/voice warning in one or more languages that a disinfection is about to take place (or is in processes). Furthermore, a safety override switch 183 may be included within the patient examination room (or other enclosed treatment area) that allows someone in the room to cancel or override the disinfection treatment process and unlock the room if he or she is accidentally locked inside. Outside of the examination room, the device 210 (which may include one or more of a keypad, touchscreen, display, etc.) may be provided for users and/or authorized personnel to unlock the room, control the treatment process, etc.

One example treatment flow using a fixed mount fogging device is now described, although it will be understood that various steps and parameters may be modified as discussed further above in different applications. When a patient exits the examination room, the infrared (and/or motion) sensor 182 may be used to determine that the room is not occupied. The door 173 is automatically locked by the controller 172. A visual and/or audible message (e.g., in English and Spanish) is optionally displayed inside the room that a disinfection is about to take place. The emergency stop button/safety override switch 183 may also be available. Between patients, a quick fog and/or pulse is initiated. At the end of the day (or during lunchtime hours or other time when the room is not in use), a full fog and/or pulse cycle is performed, followed by a natural dissipation (although a filter/fan assisted dissipation may also be used). At the end of service, an evacuation fan pulls clean (e.g., HEPA) filtered air into the treatment room and exhausts it outside of the building. The ventilation and/or filtration equipment may be controlled by the processor 237 as described above, and/or by the controller 172.

Based upon the H₂O₂ sensor 181 (and/or humidity sensor 220), the processor 237 determines when the room is safe to reoccupy. At that point, the room may be released to accept a next patient. However, it should be noted that these sensors are not required in all embodiments, and other factors may be considered for determining when the room is safe to reoccupy, such as waiting for a designated time period, etc.

While the fixed mount fogging device 231 was described above with reference to a patient examination room example, such a fogging device may also optionally be used in other types of rooms where intermediate treatment is desired. For example, such may be the case in animal facilities (e.g., veterinarian offices, farms, etc.), food processing facilities, laboratory facilities with “clean” rooms, etc. Moreover, the fixed mount fogging device may also be deployed in vehicles, such as busses, ambulances/EMT vehicles, etc., where intermediate disinfection may be desirable between uses.

In this regard, for such applications the fixed mount fogging device 231 may also be used solely for full treatments when the vehicle or space is not in service (e.g., when a bus is parked overnight). That is, in some embodiments the shorter, intermediate or abbreviated treatments need not be performed. Here again, this may be done on a schedule, and one or more safety sensors (e.g., motion, IR, etc.) may be used to help ensure that the fogging device 231 does not dispense any atomized chemical while someone is within the vehicle, laboratory, etc.

In accordance with another example embodiment, one or more ultraviolet (UV) lights 184 may also be used with the fogging device 231 to enhance the treatment cycle. The UV light(s) may be integrated or incorporated in the housing 232 of the fogging device 231 (as seen in FIG. 18), or be separate from the fogging device and communicate with the processor 237 via a wired or wireless output during the treatment cycle.

Generally speaking, certain higher wavelengths of UV light act as a natural disinfectant by penetrating the outer cell wall and cell body of microorganisms to alter their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and thereby destroy the microorganisms. In this regard, certain UV light devices are sometimes used to irradiate surfaces or treatment areas for disinfection purposes. However, in addition to the ability of UV light to break down microorganisms on its own, when used in the presence of water, other lower wavelengths of UV light generate hydroxyl (.OH) free radicals. Thus, by activating the UV lights during the treatment cycle when there is atomized disinfectant within the enclosed treatment area, Applicant theorizes without wishing to be bound thereto that there is a combined or compounded effect which causes organic molecules and microorganisms to be destroyed faster. That is, the pathogens are killed by one or more of: (a) the disinfectant (e.g., H₂O₂) in the atomized fluid; (b) the natural cell destroying power of the relatively higher UV wavelengths by themselves; and (c) the lower UV wavelengths causing the water within the atomizing fluid to produce very reactive hydroxyl free radicals which also attack molecules in microorganisms. This, in turn, may result in a significant decrease in the amount of time required to obtain a kill for any given pathogen, which may be particularly important in environments such as hospitals, etc., where rooms need to be disinfected and put back into service quickly.

Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention will come to the mind of one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, and that modifications and embodiments are intended to be included. 

That which is claimed is:
 1. A system for disinfecting an enclosed area with an atomized disinfectant fluid, the enclosed area having an access door associated therewith and an electronic door lock actuator for the access door, the system comprising: a fogging device comprising a housing, and an atomizing disinfectant generator carried by the housing comprising an atomizing nozzle in fluid communication with a disinfectant fluid reservoir and a compressor coupled to the atomizing nozzle, and a processor; and a controller configured to selectively actuate the electronic door lock actuator to lock and unlock the access door; wherein the processor is configured to communicate with the controller to determine when the access door is locked, and to initiate an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked and without dispensing atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is not locked.
 2. The system of claim 1 wherein the automated treatment cycle comprises a first treatment cycle during a first time period, and a second treatment cycle longer than the first treatment cycle during a second time period.
 3. The system of claim 1 wherein the controller is configured to actuate the electronic door lock actuator between periods of occupancy of the enclosed space.
 4. The system of claim 1 wherein the system further comprises a humidity sensor within the enclosed area, and wherein the processor is configured to control the automated treatment cycle based upon the humidity sensor.
 5. The system of claim 1 further comprising an infrared (IR) sensor within the enclosed area; and wherein the processor is configured to initiate the automated treatment cycle while the electronic door lock actuator is actuated and also responsive to the IR sensor.
 6. The system of claim 1 further comprising an ultraviolet (UV) light within the enclosed area; and wherein the processor is further configured to activate the UV light during the automated treatment cycle.
 7. The system of claim 1 wherein the housing is suspended within the enclosed area; wherein the atomizing nozzle is carried by a lower portion of the housing; and wherein the fogging device further comprises an anti-siphon vacuum breaker coupled to the atomizing nozzle.
 8. The system of claim 1 further comprising a safety override switch within the enclosed area, and wherein the processor is configured to cause the compressor to cease dispensing atomized disinfecting fluid during the automated treatment cycle responsive to actuation of the safety override switch.
 9. The system of claim 1 further comprising an indicator positioned outside of the enclosed area configured to display a status of the automated treatment cycle.
 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the fogging device further comprises a wireless communications device coupled to the processor and configured to send wireless maintenance alerts.
 11. A fogging device for disinfecting an enclosed area with an atomized disinfectant fluid, the enclosed area having an access door associated therewith and an electronic door lock actuator to lock and unlock the access door, the system comprising: a housing; an atomizing disinfectant generator carried by the housing comprising an atomizing nozzle in fluid communication with a disinfectant fluid reservoir and a compressor coupled to the atomizing nozzle; and a processor configured to determine when the access door is locked, and to initiate an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked and without dispensing atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is not locked.
 12. The fogging device of claim 11 wherein the automated treatment cycle comprises a first treatment cycle during a first time period, and a second treatment cycle longer than the first treatment cycle during a second time period.
 13. The fogging device of claim 11 further comprising a humidity sensor carried by the housing, and wherein the processor is configured to control the automated treatment cycle based upon the humidity sensor.
 14. The fogging device of claim 11 further comprising an infrared (IR) sensor carried by the housing, and wherein the processor is configured to initiate the automated treatment cycle while the electronic door lock actuator is actuated and also responsive to the IR sensor.
 15. The fogging device of claim 11 further comprising an ultraviolet (UV) light carried by the housing; and wherein the processor is further configured to activate the UV light during the automated treatment cycle.
 16. The fogging device of claim 11 wherein the housing is configured to be suspended within the enclosed area; wherein the atomizing nozzle is carried by a lower portion of the housing; and wherein the fogging device further comprises an anti-siphon vacuum breaker coupled to the atomizing nozzle.
 17. A method for disinfecting an enclosed area with an atomized disinfectant fluid, the enclosed area having an access door associated therewith and an electronic door lock actuator to lock and unlock the access door, the system comprising: positioning a fogging device within the enclosed area, the fogging device comprising a housing and an atomizing disinfectant generator carried by the housing and comprising an atomizing nozzle in fluid communication with a disinfectant fluid reservoir, and a compressor coupled to the atomizing nozzle; and initiating an automated disinfection treatment cycle during which the compressor dispenses atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area via the atomizing nozzle while the access door is locked, and without dispensing atomized disinfectant fluid into the enclosed area while the access door is not locked.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein the automated treatment cycle comprises a first treatment cycle during a first time period, and a second treatment cycle longer than the first treatment cycle during a second time period.
 19. The method of claim 17 wherein an infrared (IR) sensor is within the enclosed area, and wherein initiating further comprises initiating the automated treatment cycle while the electronic door lock actuator is actuated and also responsive to the IR sensor.
 20. The method of claim 17 wherein an ultraviolet (UV) light is positioned within the enclosed area, and further comprising activating the UV light during the automated treatment cycle. 